Episode 7: Saturnalia
How the Longest Night & Ancient Rome Influence Christmas
Part 2 of our Mini-Series “Examples of Pagan ‘Repurposing’ in Organized Religion” (non-consecutive episodes)
Ancient Rome boasted an impressive polytheistic religion. Festivals to various gods were celebrated throughout the year, and Saturnalia and Natalis Invictus occurred around the winter solstice (Dec 20/21). Kara and Josh explore these holidays and what, if any, influence they have on the date of Christmas and how the holiday is celebrated today.
Discussion Includes:
Overview of Saturnalia
Overview of Natalis Invictus
Similarities of Saturnalia and Natalis Invictus to Christmas
The Debate of the Church’s Decision for December 25th as Christmas
Overview of the Astronomy of the Winter Solstice
©️Wolf & Stag Productions LLC, 2024
Images:
References:
McCabe, S. (2023). The Changing Nature of Christmas Celebrations.
Nicolae, S. (2022). Origins of Christmas.
Doble, R. (2015). Winter solstice celebrations: Roman Saturnalia and modern Christmas.
González-García, A. C., García Quintela, M. V., Rodríguez-Antón, A., & Espinosa-Espinosa, D. (2022). The Winter Solstice as a Roman Cultural Fingerprint from the Mythical Origins of Rome to Augustus. Environmental Archaeology, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14614103.2022.2053825
Hijmans, S. (2003). Sol Invictus, the winter solstice, and the origins of Christmas. Mouseion: Journal of the Classical Association of Canada, 47(3), 377-398.
Pan, J. (2022). Illustration design of the 24 solar terms. Highlights in Art and Design, 1(3), 19-22.
Scherrer, P., Scherrer, D., & Center, S. S. (2014). Solstice and Equinox (“Suntrack”) Season Model.
Paradise, T. (2015). Architectural orientation and Earth-Sun Relationships in Petra, Jordan: A preliminary analysis of the principal tombs and structures. Annual of the Dept of Antiquities of Jordan, 58, 1-6.
Mörner, N. A. (2012). Strict solar alignment of Bronze Age rock carvings in SE Sweden. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39(10), 3301-3305.
Bradley, C. (2023). The Saturnalia: An Analysis of Religious Ritual and Family Relationships (Doctoral dissertation).
MICHELS, A. K. (1990). ROMAN FESTIVALS: October—December. The Classical Outlook, 68(1), 10–12. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43919166
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2024, November 14). Epiphany. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Epiphany